Developed nations and underdeveloped nations

A developed country or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less developed nations. Most commonly the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate.
Developed countries have post industrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industralization , or undeveloped countries, which are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian. According to the International Monetary Found, advanced economies comprise 65.8% of global nominal GDP and 52.1% of global GDP (PPP) in 2010. In 2011, the ten largest advanced economies by either nominal GDP or GDP (PPP) are the United States, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Canada, Spain and South Korea.

 

 In economics, underdevelopment is when resources are not used to their full socio economic potential, with the result that local or regional development is slower in most cases than it should be. Furthermore, it results from the complex interplay of internal and external factors that allow less developed countries only a lop-sided development progression. Underdeveloped nations are characterized by a wide disparity between their rich and poor populations, and an unhealthy balance of trade. Symptoms of underdevelopment include lack of access to job opportunities, health care, drinkable water, food, education and housing.

Economic development around the world

Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP.Growth is usually calculated in real terms, i.e. inflation-adjusted terms, in order to obviate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of the goods produced.

For and against tourism

Advantages:
-Aids development (jobs, quality of life)
-Attracts foreign direct investment
-Relatively easy to enter and scale up
-Spread effects 

Disadvantages:
-In general, the jobs are low wage. In most tourism economies the owners/investors and hence the high wage jobs and profits go somewhere else
-Highly susceptible to global markets and seasonal variation
-Can be environmental problem, i.e. putting more pressure on the water system
-Can dilute, commercialize, or Westernize culture
-Can cause social equity problems, i.e. hotels have electricity 24/7 but locals are subject to service disruption

Factory location influences

• Energy source

• Water source

• Distance to get materials for production

• Distance for workers to drive

• Distance to send out products

• Enough space

• Zoning and other laws of the area

 

Light industry

Also called consumer goods industry, it makes products for direct consumption. Its principal characteristics are:

• Consumes fewer raw materials and energy resources than heavy industry and capital goods industry.
• Is generally less contaminating, but modifies natural space because it is centrated in specific areas.
• Usually located near cities and transport links.
• Its size can vary a lot.

There are different types of light industry:

• Food industry

 

• Light chemical industry

•  Electronics and computing industry

•  Automobile industry

•  Textile industry

Map of the main international political organizations

This map shows us the political organizations of each of the countries.

Bar chart of the number of internet users in the world

This bar chart shows us the number of Internet users in the world.

In the past five years, the global Internet population has grown from about 1 trillion to 1.6 trillion, and thisgrowth is not goingto stop in the short term. However, future growth is not equally distributed throughout all regions of the planet. The latest report from Forrester ForecastView ensures that the Internet population will increase in all countriesthe world over the coming years, but emerging markets will grow at a faster pace. In 2014, one third of Internet users come from Brazil and Russia.

Map of the world’s gross domestic product

 

Countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) to values ​​of purchasing power parity (PPP), the sum of all goods and services produced by a country in a year, in relation to purchasing power parity (PPP .) This is an economic indicatorintroduced in the early nineties by the International Monetary Fund in a realistic way to compare living standards across countries, taking into account the per capita gross domestic product in terms of cost of living in each country.

Map of the main tourist areas

 

According to the World Tourism Organization of the United Nations, tourism comprises the activities that make people (tourists) traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for a consecutive period of less than one year and more than one day for leisure, business or other reasons.

Map of world trade

The trade is of growing importance in the global economic context, because the portion of production goes to foreign markets has been increasing steadily. In the past 50 years the physical volume of global production grew 8 times while the volume of exports increased 25 times (in value 150 times.) One consequence of this phenomenon is the increasing interdependence of economies and the need to incorporate an international perspective in household decisions.

Physical map of Africa

Political map of Africa

Agriculture as a system

Agricultural enterprises-crop or livestock-deal with such concepts as labor supply, marketing, finances, natural resources, genetic stock, nutrition, equipment, and hazards. While it is possible to effectively manipulate each mechanism of successful farming individually, better results can often be obtained by treating the farming operation as a system. The interactions, then, among system components may become more important than how each component functions by itself. Treating production operations holistically offers greater management flexibility, provides for more environmentally and economically sound practices, and creates safer and healthier conditions for workers and for farm animals. NIFA staff provides leadership to land-grant university partners and other grantees as they conduct research, education, and extension activities in programs related directly and indirectly to agricultural systems.

Importance of water

Every living organism needs water to survive. With the ever increasing population, water is becoming a scarce commodity. To worsen this situation, the few available sources of water for consumption by living organisms are being depleted at an alarming rate. Careless release of wastes into water bodies is also a major problem today. If nothing is done to reverse the situation, then it is predicted that it will be extremely hard to find clean water in future.

It is obvious that direct consumption by plants and animals is top among uses of water. Water has many other important functions such as washing, transportation, recreation, industrial applications, chemical uses, fire extinguishing among other uses. There is no other solvent that can be used to serve all these functions of water. This further stresses the importance of water in life. Without it life will be extremely difficult. Therefore everyone is charged with the responsibility of taking care of water because survival depends on it.

Due to the threat of water shortage, many organizations collaborate with the fight to conserve water because they know the great importance of the water in the world and that there will not be life without her.

 

Crop farming

Crop farming is the cultivation of plants for food, animal foodstuffs, or other commercial uses. A variety of techniques including organic production methods can be used to manage crops. People may enter this career through a family business, by training on a farm with experienced farmers, or by attending college to get a degree in agriculture or a related subject. It can involve long hours and harsh working conditions, along with unpredictable profits from year to year, which can be stressful for farmers.
The types of crops grown can depend on environmental conditions, market demands, and preference. Some crops have a limited growth range dependent on temperatures, available water supply, pests, and other factors. Others may be cultivated in a wider range of conditions. Crop farmers test the soil and assess their land to determine what kinds of products they can grow, and narrow down that list to determine what would be commercially viable. If the market demand for cotton is high, for example, it might be a profitable crop to plant.
Plants grown for food, like rice, wheat, and vegetables, are one form of crop farming. It is also possible to cultivate plants such as alfalfa that will be used to feed animals. Some farms have a combination of crops and animals, using the crops they grow to feed their livestock.

 

 

Physical factors affecting farming

Climate

• Temperature (minimum 6°C for crops to grow) and rainfall (at least 250mm to 500mm) influence the types of crops that can be grown

• The length of the growing season also influences the crops grown. Some rice-growing areas have two or three crops per year.

Relief

• Lowlands, such as flood plains, are good for crops.
• Steep slopes hinder machinery and have thinner soils; lower, more gentle slopes are less prone to soil erosion.
• Tea and coffee crops prefer the well-drained soil on hill slopes.
• Temperature decreases by 6.5°C for every 1000 metres gained in height.
• South-facing slopes receive more sunlight.

Soil

• Fertility is important, poor soil means lower outputs or larger inputs of fertilisers.
• Floodplains are good for rice because of the alluvial soils.
• Good drainage reduces the dangers of waterlogging.

Aspect:

The direction a slope faces. South-facing slopes are best for growing crops

The farming system

“Farming system” therefore designates a set of agricultural activities organized while preserving land productivity, environmental quality and maintaining desirable level of biological diversity and ecological stability. The emphasis is more on a system rather than on gross output.

In other words “farming system” is a resource management strategy to achieve economic and sustain agricultural production to meet diverse requirement of the farm household while preserving the resource base and maintaining high environmental quality. The farming system in its real sense will help the following ways to lift the economy of Indian agriculture and standard of living of the farmers.

Farming system specially refers to a group combination of enterprises in which the products and or the by products of one enterprise serve as the inputs for production of other enterprise.

Farming system takes into account the combination needs of the family the economic factors like relative profitability of the technically feasible enterprises, availability off farm resources, infrastructure and institutions such as irrigation, marketing facilities including storage and transportation and credit besides the agro biological consideration namely interdependence, if any among various technically feasible enterprises and the performance of individual farmers.

Farming is defined as the way in which the farm resources arte allocated to the needs and priorities of the farmers in his local circumstances which include:

• Economic and institutional circumstances like market opportunities, prices, institutional and infrastructure facilities and technology.
• Agro climatic condition such as the quantity, distribution and reliability of rainfall.

 

Types of farming

According to the capital investment:

• Extensive livestock farming: the capital investment (in feed, farms, etc) is limited and productivity low. The livestock is mostly cattle and sheep, and grazes on large pastures in the open air.

• Intensive livestock farming: capital investment (in feed, farms, etc) labour and productivity are high. Mostly cattle, pigs and poultry are farmed.

According to feeding methods

• Grazing livestock: animals feed on grass. This is an example of extensive farming.
• Confined livestock: animals are kept in sheds and covered pens, and eat feed. This is an example of intensive farming.
• Semi-confined livestock: in summer, the animals eat grass; when there is not enough grass, they eat feed.

According to mobility of livestock:

• Nomadic herding: herders and their families are constantly moving with their animals in search of good pasture.

• Transhumance (seasonal migrration of livestock): herders move their animals several times a year between winter and summer pastures.

• Sedentary livestock farming: animal do not have to move around to obtain food because farmers give them feed.

Primary economic activity word map.

 

 

 

 

 

The primary sector consists of economic activities related to the transformation of natural resources in unprocessed primary products. Usually, primary products are used as raw material in industrial production. Some primary industries are:

 

• Crop agriculture
• Livestock farming
• Forestry
• Fishing
• Mining

 

 

Gross domestic product of countries in the world.

 

 

Countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) to values ​​of purchasing power parity (PPP), the sum of all final goods and services produced by a country in a year relative to its purchasing power parity (PPP .) This is an economic indicator introduced in the early nineties by the International Monetary Fund in a realistic way to compare living standards between different countries based on GDP per capitain terms of cost of living in each country

Bar chart of income per capita of the countries of the European Union

This graph shows the income per capita of the different countries in the European Union in 2011.

The per capita income or GPD per capita is the relationship between GPD (gross domestic product) of a country and its many inhabitants. To calculate it, we divide the GPD of a country by its total population.

Political map of America

Physical map of America

Political map of Asia

Physical map of Asia